Associations between Body Mass Index Trajectories in the first two years of life and Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Food Allergy outcomes up to early adulthood
Published in Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, 2022
Recommended citation: Chang C-L, Ali GB, Lodge CJ, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Tang ML, Svanes C, Bui DS, Dharmage SC, Lowe AJ. Associations between Body Mass Index Trajectories in the first two years of life and Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Food Allergy outcomes up to early adulthood. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2022 Mar;33(3):e13765. doi:10.1111/pai.1376. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pai.13765
Abstract
Background
Early life body mass index (BMI) trajectories influence the risk of asthma at 18 years of age. However, it is unclear if these are also associated with other allergic diseases.
Objectives
We investigated the associations between BMI trajectories and subsequent allergic rhinitis, eczema and food sensitisation/allergies.
Methods
Parent-reported anthropometric data were collected 18 times in the first two years of life from a cohort of 620 participants in a high-risk cohort. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to develop BMI trajectories. Associations between trajectories and allergic rhinitis, eczema and food sensitisation at 6, 12 and 18 years of age were assessed using logistic regression models. Potential effect modifications by parental allergic disease, sex and allocated infant formula were assessed.
Results
We identified five BMI trajectories: average, below average, persistently low, early low and catch up, and persistently high. None showed an association with allergic rhinitis. In participants with maternal allergic rhinitis, ‘early-low and catch-up’ (OR = 2.83;95%CI 1.34-5.96, Pint = 0.05) and ‘below average’ trajectories (OR = 2.39; 1.18-7.23, Pint = 0.02) were associated with allergic rhinitis at 18 years of age compared with the average trajectory. No associations were observed with eczema or food sensitisation.
Conclusion
Infants with early-low and catch-up, or below average BMI growth, were at increased risk of allergic rhinitis at 18 years if they had a mother with allergic rhinitis. These results require replication, but suggest that interactions between poor intrauterine growth, failure to thrive and maternal allergies may influence the risk of allergic rhinitis.